Warning: In this section I decided to display the literal transliteration that is to say the word as it is written and NOT as it should be written. The transliteration of reference will be mentioned when known to me. The comparison of both will reveal in full to the reader the Ancient Egyptians' stenographical way of writing.

Stela of Nestesen

Bibliography: Schäfer Heinrich, Urkunden der älteren Äthiopenkönige, Leipzig, 1905-1908, p. 137-152; Schäfer, Heinrich, Die Aethiopische Königsinschrift des Berliner Museums, Leipzig, 1901, passim pls. i-iv; Tormod Eide, Tomas Hägg, Richard Holton Pierce and László Török, Fontes historiae nubiorum, University of Bergen, 1996, II, p. 471 (Nb 84)

bḥdt nṯr nb pt d ʿnḫ wȝs

n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

ỉmn-rʿ nb nswt tȝwï ḫntï ỉpt-swt d ʿnḫ

ḏd wȝs nb mỉ rʿ ḏt

ḏd-mdw d.n(.ỉ) n.k tȝ^.w nb ḫȝswt psḏt-pḏt dmȝ ẖr ṯb^.wï.k

mỉ rʿ ḏt

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-n

rd(t) wḏȝ n ỉt.f

sn(t)-nsw mwt-nsw ḥnwt kš p-r-ḫȝ

d.n.s pȝ (sḥ) m npy

ḏd smn.n ỉt.s kȝ n pȝ (ḫȝ) rʿ-ḥr-ȝḫtï

ỉr(t) sšš.s n.k

ỉmn npt ḥr(ï)-ỉb (ḏw-wʿb)

nṯr-ʿȝ ḫntï tȝ-st

d.f ʿnḫ wȝs nb ḏt

ḏd-mdw d.n(.ỉ) n.k ʿnḫ wȝs nb ḏd nb(t) snb nb ȝw-ỉb

d.n(.ỉ) (n).k rnpwt nḥḥ ḫʿ(.ṯw) ḥr st-ḥr ḏt

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-n

rd(t) wḏȝ n ỉt.f

d(.ỉ) ỉr n.k nbw dbn n ... sp 4

sȝ(t)-nsw (ḥmt-nsw ḥnwt) kmt s-ḫ-mȝ-ḫ ...

ỉr(t) sšš.s n.k

rnpt-sp 8 ȝbd tpï prt sw 9

ḫr ḥr kȝ-nḫt mr(y)-psḏt ḫʿ-m-npy

nbtï sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

ḥr kȝ-ptpt-tȝy-f-sbỉw-ẖr-db(wï)

pȝ mȝỉ ʿȝ ỉn ỉr^.ï ʿmʿm

smn tȝ{wï} nb

sȝ ỉmn

py.f ḫpš ʿȝ

ỉr^.ï wsḫ tȝ nb

sȝ nȝ nṯrw

sḏr (ntï hl) tȝ nb nṯrw

ỉr^.ï rḫ mdt nb^.t mỉ ḏḥwtï

ntï (m) (mʿšï-rdwï)

ỉr^.ï qd tȝ nb mỉ ptḥ

ỉr^.ï sʿnḫ ỉrt nb(t) mỉ ỉmn

sȝ ȝst

sḏr gm nȝ nṯrw ỉr^.ï ms

ḫw tȝwï

sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

sȝ ỉmn

smȝʿ m pt

d.ỉ rḫ^.t.tn

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ

sȝ-rʿ nb tȝwï ʿnḫ ḏt

ḏd.f (.ỉ)

ỉw wn.ỉ pȝ šr nfr m b-r-wȝ-t

ỉr^.ï.f ʿš r.ỉ ỉmn npy

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḏd

ỉ.mï n.k

d.ỉ ʿš.w (sn^.w nsw)

ntï ỉw wn m b-r(-wȝ)-t ḏr

ḏd.ỉ (n).w

ḏd

ỉ.mï.tn

sï w.ḫȝḫ s ỉrm.n

wp(?) n pȝy.n sr

ḏd.w (n).ỉ

ḏd

bn ỉw.n sỉï ỉrm.ỉ(.k)

ntk pȝy.f šr{nw} nfr

ỉr.f mr n.k ỉmn npy

pȝy{tw}.k ỉt nfr

d.ỉ (thȝm)

dwȝ pḥ.ỉ r ỉ-s-d-r-s-t

d.ỉ sḏr

sw p.ỉ ʿbʿb(?)

sḏm.f (.ỉ) ʿ-mȝ-l m npy

ḏd.w

ỉw.f mdynt tȝ{wï} nb{t}

ḫrp.ỉ

dwȝw pḥ.ỉ tȝ-qỉ-t

sw pȝ mȝ(?) ʿȝ

pr-šȝ

rd nsw p-ʿnḫ ỉ-l-r m-n.f

ỉw wn pȝ.ỉ (ḏrt) ỉȝb^.t ḥr st nḥm(?) gm(?) pȝy

pr ỉmn

ỉr^.ï.w ỉ^.ỉ ntï.ỉ

rmṯ ḥwt-nṯr ỉmn npy ḏr(.w)

nỉwtïw rmṯ

ʿȝ{t} nb{t}

md.w r-m.ỉ

ḏd.w (n).ỉ

ḏd

ỉr.f nš n.k (ʿȝt) nt pȝ tȝ-st ỉmn npy

pȝy{tw}.k ỉt nfr

ỉw ḏd.w rmṯ nb

ỉw.f mn^.w n dnw

ḏd.ỉ (n).w

ḏd

sỉï

(ḏȝ) ỉtrw

my (srsr).tn n.f (.ỉ?)

ỉmn npy pȝ{tw}.ỉ ỉt nfr

mšʿ.tn

sỉï

šn.tn ỉ-ỉr ỉmn npy

d.ỉ msḥ ẖr m mnw

pȝ ỉtrw ḥr pr rʿ

d.ỉ sỉ (ḥr) ḥtr ʿȝ

pḥ(.ỉ) r pr-ʿȝ

ỉr.w šn ỉ-r.ỉ rmt ʿȝ

(ḥm-nṯr) ỉmn ḏr.w

ỉr^.ï.w smȝ ỉ-r.ỉ r nb

d.ỉ sỉ ḥrï

(ḥr) wn sbȝ ʿȝ

ỉr^.ï.w ỉr^.ï (n).ỉ pȝ-wn(?) r(?) ỉr^.ï

pȝ.ỉ srḫ (ḥȝt nfr) sʿȝ ỉpt-swt pr-nbw

ḏd.ỉ n.f ỉmn npy py.ỉ ỉt nfr mdt.ỉ

pȝ wnwn nb^.t m ẖt.ỉ

ỉw sḏm r-m.ỉ ỉmn np pȝ.ỉ r

d.n.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr

(nsyt) nt pȝ tȝ n st

pȝ ḫȝy nsw ḥr-sȝ-ỉt-f

nḫt nsw p-ʿnḫ ỉ-l-r

ȝbd 3 ȝḫt sw (ʿrqy)

d.ỉ ḫʿ ỉmn npy

p.ỉ ỉt nfr

ỉ^.ỉ (r-bl) r-pr ʿȝ

d.f (n).ỉ (nsyt) (pȝ) tȝ-st(ï)

ỉ-r-t

(psḏt-pḏt)

pȝ (ʿdb) 2

pȝ 4 qʿḥ^.w

ḏd(.ỉ) py.ỉ mdt nfr ïrm{t}.f pȝ-rʿ

ḏd.ỉ n.f ỉmn np tȝ mdt

ntk pȝ ntï ỉw.k ỉr^.ï sw (n).ỉ

ỉr.f sḏm (n).ỉ tȝ nb rmṯ nb

d.k ʿš r.ỉ m bȝ-r-wȝ-t

ỉ^.ỉ ỉ.ỉr^.ï(.ỉ) n.k

d.k šn(n).f (n).ỉ (ʿȝ) n pȝ tȝ-st(ï)

ỉw bw rd sw rmṯ m nsw

hȝw py.f 24

d.n.k n.ỉ (ʿȝt)

ỉw wn rmṯ sḏr ḥnʿ rmṯ ...w nb(t} (ḥr) wȝt

hnhn(.ỉ) (ḫft-ḥr) rʿ

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

ṯȝ(.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

sỉ(.ỉ) ḥrï

ḥms(.ỉ) (ḥr) bdï (n) nbw m ỉpt-swt (n) nbw (m) (ḫȝyb(t))

m hrw pn

ḏd.w rmṯ nb

ḏd

ỉw.f ỉr^.ï nfr mdt (n) rmṯ nb{t}

d.f n.f ỉmn npy (ʿȝt) ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb n pȝ tȝ-st(ï)

sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn sỉ ḥrï

ḥms ḥr bdï (n) nbw m (ḫȝyb(t)) m hrw pn

ỉw.f ỉr^.ï nsw

ḥms (nmm) m b-r-wȝ-t

ȝbd 1 prt sw 12

d.ỉ mšʿ ḫd ỉ-ỉr ỉmn pr-gmt

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ ỉmn pr-gmt

ỉ^.ỉ ỉ-bl-r pr-ʿȝ

ḏd(.ỉ) pȝy.ỉ mdw nfr ỉrm.f pȝ-rʿ

d.n.f (n).ỉ (nsyt) nt st

d.f (n).ỉ pȝ (ʿdb) 2

ỉ-l-t

psḏt-pḏt

p.f (pḏt) sḏr

ḏd.f (n).ỉ ḥr ḏd.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

sỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï

ḥms ḥr bdï nbw

sỉï.ỉ ỉr(ỉ.) (r) ỉmn pr-nbs

py.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḫʿ ỉmn pr-nbs

ỉ^.ỉï b-l-r pr-ʿȝ

d.n.f (n).ỉ (ʿȝt) pȝ (tȝ-stï)

p.f (ḫrỉw) sḏr

ḏd(.ỉ) py.ỉ mdw nfr r-m pȝ-rʿ

sỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï

ḥms ḥr bdï nbw

ỉ^.ỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï ỉ-ỉr ỉmn npy

pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr

ȝbd 2 prt sw 19

(d.ỉ ḫʿ) ỉmn np

ỉ^.ỉï bl-r pr-ʿȝ

ḏd py.ỉ mdw nfr r-m.f pȝ-rʿ

ḏd.ỉ (n).f ỉ.ḏd(t).f (n).ỉ mdw nfr ḏr ỉmn pȝ-gmt

ỉmn pr-nbs nṯrw ḏr

hnhn(.ỉ)

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

(ṯȝ.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

sỉ(.ỉ) ḥrï m pȝ ỉm(ȝ)w

sḏr(.ỉ) grḥ 4

ỉr^.ï(.ỉ) pȝ ... nb{t} hrw 4

sỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

(ṯȝ.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

ʿq(.ỉ) m ḥwt-nṯr

ḥms.f(.ỉ) ḥr pȝ (skȝ) m (pr-šȝ) nbw

sw 24

sỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï ỉ-ỉr bȝstt (ḥrt-ỉb) t-l-t

py.ỉ mwt nfr

d.n.s (n).ỉ ʿnḫ ỉȝwt ʿȝ nfr (mnḏ) (ỉȝb)

d.n.s sw (n).ỉ m qn(ỉ) ʿnḫ nfr

d.n.s (n).ỉ tȝy.s n-l sḏr(t)

ỉ^.ỉï.ỉ m npy

sw 29

d.ỉ ḫʿ ỉmn npt

d.n.f (n).ỉ pt nb^.t

tȝ nb

pȝ (y-l) nb

rmṯ nb

sỉï(.ỉ) ḥrï

ḥms(.ỉ) ḥr bt nbw

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k pȝ qm 4 ỉmn np ẖr npy

ỉw wn rmṯ 36 m-ẖn.f(.w)

d.ỉ n.k snṯr kȝ-l-r (n) bỉȝ ʿȝ 3

bỉt kȝ-r-r 4

ʿntïw 3 ḥqȝt

twt n ỉmn (n) pȝ-gm-ỉtn nbw 1

... n ḥr n nbw 2

dbn 3

msdï ḥḏ 3

kȝ-ḏȝ n ḥḏ 3

(Schäfer, Die Aethiopische Königsinschrift, p.116)

ỉpt n ḥḏ 7

dmḏ 12 dbn 134

kȝ-l-r bỉȝ ʿȝ 2

ḫȝyt n mhr ỉrt ḥmt 13

ḥnt n ḥnqt ḥmt 2

hȝ-l 6

kȝs bỉȝ 12

msdï ḥmt 6

d.ỉ ỉr n.k ỉmn m ỉpt ȝbd tpï šmw sw (ʿrky)

ỉwȝ sb ... 2 (ḥȝ(?)) 2 dmḏ 4

... ... 2 (ḥȝ(?)) 2 dmḏ 4

... ... 1 (ḥȝ(?)) 1 dmḏ 2

bnw sm ... m ... (rnpt)

ḫï-r-l-t-bȝ bỉȝ 16

tḫ bỉȝ 2

rb bỉȝ 10

bʿṯȝ bỉȝ 2

ỉp (ḥqȝt(?)) ḥmt 2

ỉ^.ỉï ḫ-m-bȝ-sȝ-w-d-n-...

d(.ỉ) sï ... pḏt m ḏȝ-r-t

ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ(.ỉ)) pȝ.f ... nb

(ḥȝq(.ỉ)) wỉȝ n ḏȝ nb (n) pȝ (wr)

d(.ỉ) (n).f ḫȝy

ṯȝ(.ỉ) pȝ.f tȝ{wï} nb dïbn nb ỉwȝ nb (mnmn) nb

ntï sʿnḫ ỉrt nb (ṯȝr) n kȝ-r-tp-t šȝʿ tȝ-l-w-dy-t

d(.ỉ) sw n pȝ nt kȝkȝ(?)

ỉw ḫȝy n-ỉm{t}.f

r sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm{t}.f

ỉr^.ï.ỉ tḫnw n nʿ(?) wʿt(?)

d.ỉ sw m tȝ-r-m-nw-t ỉwȝ ḫw 12

p n ỉmn np ỉw ỉn.w ẖr m np

ȝbd 4 ȝḫt sw 26

hȝw msw sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

d(.ỉ) sw m sȝ-kȝ-sȝ-kȝ-dy-t ỉwȝ n md ʿȝ 6

p n ỉmn npt pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr ỉw.w ỉ^.ỉï ẖr np

ȝbd 4 ȝḫt (ʿrqy)

hȝw (n) d^.t sw pȝ sḥ n sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k ỉmn np ktkt (ỉt) 12 (ḥqȝt)

(nḏwt) wȝḏ (srq ṯȝr) (n) kȝ-1-tp-t sʿȝ tȝ-r-l-q-t

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k ỉmn np pï.ỉ ỉt nfr ḫbs ḥr tȝ-q-tȝ-t-t

d(.ỉ) ỉn^.ï n.k (ḥȝq)

ỉwȝ 300 mnmn 300 (ṯȝ) 200

ỉmn np pȝy{tw}.k ḫpš 2 ntï ḫpr py{t}.k šf nfr

d.ỉ n.k ỉmn np rṯq wps m-...-k-gȝ-wȝ (r-ḏr)

py{tw}.k (t-q-l) pȝw ṯȝ ḥmt dmḏ 110

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.ï.ỉ d sỉ (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sby^.w m-ḫỉ-n-d-q-nn-t-t

ỉr^.ï.w qnqn r-m{t}.f

ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ^.y.ỉ) pȝy{t}.f {n} pȝ wr ỉ-y-w-kȝ

d(.ỉ) (ḥȝq) ḥmt nb (dbnt) nb^.t nbw ʿšȝ

ỉwȝ 209659 (mnmn) 505349 ḥmt 2236 ỉkït n kȝ-tȝ-r-dy-t 322 ḥqȝt

d.ỉ d^.t sw n pȝ kȝkȝ( ?) r ỉr sḫ...nw tȝ nb

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k ỉmn np ḫbs ḥr kȝ-tȝ-l-dy-t ỉkyt 12 (ḥqȝt).

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k ẖr-st bỉȝ ʿȝ 2

d.ỉ ʿḥʿ.w ḥr (r-pr) wȝst

ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ ỉr^.ï n.k ktkt ỉt 6 (ḥqȝt) ḥr kȝ-tȝ-l-dy-t

d.ỉ wn r-pr n ỉwȝ n nbw (ỉq) (pȝ) n ỉmn np p.ỉ ỉt nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sbyt r-bȝ-l ỉ-kȝ-l-kȝ-r-w-t

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ(.ỉ)) pȝ (wr) ȝ-l-b-w-d-n

pȝy.f (ḫt) nb^.t n nbw ʿšȝ nn ỉp

ỉwȝ 203216 (mnmn) 603107 ḥmt nb(t)

pȝ ntï ỉw^.w sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm.w nb

d.ỉ sw pȝ (wr) (n) ỉmn np py.ỉ ỉt nfr

py{tw}.k ḫpš sḏr py{t}.k (s-l) nfr

ḫr ʿn

d.ỉ (msḥ) ʿš ʿšȝ ḥr sbyt ỉ-r-r-sȝ

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

d.ỉ ṯȝ pȝ wr n mȝ-ḥȝ-t ỉ-b-s-w

(ḥȝq(.ỉ) ḥmt nb^.t (dïbntï) nb^.t

nbw dbn 1212

ỉwȝ 22120

ḥmt nb^.t (mnmn) 55200

d(.ỉ) sw pȝ wr py.f{r} (šb) (n) ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

py{tw}.k rn ʿȝ nfr pȝy{tw}.k šf nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ.f (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sbyt m-ḫ-š-r-ḫ-r-tỉ

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

d.ỉ ṯȝ pȝ wr pȝ ntï ỉw.f{r} sʿnḫ ỉrt n-ỉm.f nb^.t ḥmt nb^.t

d.ỉ (sw) ẖr-r.ỉ

(ḥȝq(.ỉ)) ỉwȝ 203146 mnmn 33050

ỉmn npy py.ỉ ỉt nfr

pȝy{tw}.k ḫpš sḏr py{t}.k rn ʿȝ nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ ʿš ʿšȝ ḥr sbyt mȝ-y-w-kȝ-t

ỉr.f (šn^.ï) n.ỉ sbyt ḥr nhȝ n sȝ-r-sȝ-r-t

d.ỉ qnqn r-m{t}.f

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

ỉr^.ï.ỉ ṯȝ py.f wr tȝ-mȝ-ḫ-y-tỉ

d.ỉ (ḥȝq) pȝy.w ḥmt nb^.t (dïbnt) nb

nbw dbn 2000 ỉwȝ 35330 (mnmn) 55526

pȝ ntï ỉw^.w sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm{t}.f ḏr

d.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr tȝ nb{t}

pȝy.f ḫpš sḏr

pȝy.f šfy nfr

pȝy.f rn ʿȝ nfr mỉ pt

ỉr.f ỉr^.ï (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.ï.w pnʿ nkt n ỉmn ḥr(ï)-ỉb pȝ-gm-ỉtn

(ỉȝbïs) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-1-tȝ

pȝ-wn ʿš ʿšȝ wḏȝ n pȝy.ỉ (srḫš ḥȝtïw)

(ỉȝbïs) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-l-tȝ ky (mȝ)

r dï-bȝ-w sbyt m-dï-y-t

d.w gm.f nkt (n) pȝy.ỉ (ỉȝbïs)

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.ï (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ n.f ỉmn pr-gm-ỉtn pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḏd.f (n).ỉ ỉmn pr-gm-ỉtn pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ n.k pȝy.ỉ (tpdï) nḫt r-nm{t}.f pḥtï

d.ỉ n.k sby nb m sqr^.w ẖr dbwtï.k

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.ï.w ṯȝ.f sbyt m-dï-y-t

nkt n ḫt wḏȝ n bȝst (ḥrt-ỉb) ṯrt

(ỉȝbïs) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-1-tȝ

ỉ^.y.w pȝy.ỉ (nȝy.ỉ) (ỉȝbïs)

d.ỉ n.s bȝst (ḥrt-ỉb) (tȝ-rt) pȝy.ỉ (tȝy.ỉ) mwt nfr

d.n.s{.f} (n).ỉ py.s snw ʿȝ{t} nfr

ỉȝwt ʿȝ^.t nfr ... py.s šf nfr ḏd

pȝy{tw}.k wḏȝt pȝw

pȝy{tw}.k ... pȝw

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.ï (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.ï nfr pȝy.ỉ (ỉȝbïs)

pȝy.f ḫpš sḏr

ḫr ỉ ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

tȝ mdt pȝ ntï ỉw.k (šʿ r)

... bw ỉr^.ï.s dï

ḫr ỉn-ỉw snw r.k ...

bn d.w snḫn ỉrt n-ỉm.f ẖr pt